Upma Recipe, How to Make Rava Upma

Upma Recipe with simple step-by-step instructions & new video for beginners. Also known as Rava Upma, this is an easiest Indian Breakfast made with semolina, whole tempering spices, curry leaves and nuts. It is a staple & an everyday instant food made in South Indian homes, restaurants and tiffin centers. Whether you are a newbie or an experienced cook, this recipe will help you make the best Upma at home.

A well-made Upma is delicious, non-sticky & fluffy with bursting flavors of ginger, curry leaves, green chilies, mustard, cumin seeds and roasted lentils. Making this delicious dish is no rocket science & is the simplest you can whip up under 20 minutes.

If you are new to Indian cuisine and wondering what is Upma?

About Rava Upma

Upma is a traditional South Indian breakfast dish made by simmering roasted rava in tempered & spiced boiling water. Rava is the South Indian word for ‘semolina’ so it is also known as Rava Upma.

Traditionally it is made with coarse ground rice or wheat but these days we also make it with many other ingredients like oats, vermicelli, poha, bread, quinoa etc.

This upma recipe follows the traditional method of making it where semolina is dry roasted until crunchy. Next a tempering is made with basic spices, chana dal, urad dal and curry leaves.

Onions are sautéed in the tempering & then the right amount of water it poured to make the spiced mixture. Lastly roasted rava is incorporated in a slow stream into the boiling water. This way the cooked upma turns out soft and smooth without lumps.

Peanuts, cashews, mixed vegetables, ghee etc are also optionally used to enhance the taste of the rava upma. Vegetables like carrots, peas and beans can also be used to up the nutrition profile of the dish.

Upma is usually eaten with peanut podi, idli podi, coconut chutney or even with pickle. Most people serve it to kids with a dash of sugar & ghee on top to mellow down the heat from the chilies.

More Upma Varieties on the blog
Oats upma
Bread upma
Tomato upma
Idli upma

Choosing Rava

Choosing good quality rava is very important to make good upma. It is very easily available in the Indian stores. Making rava upma is a breeze if you have the pre-roasted rava handy. Since it is already roasted, the cook time of your dish will reduce. Here are choices you have when you buy the rava:

Double Roasted Rava: DRR has a better shelf life and flavor than the regular rava. It is pre-roasted for you at the manufacturer’s end so you can use it directly in the recipe. This makes for a fluffy and non-sticky upma. I haven’t found organic double roasted rava in the stores any time so mostly it is a regular one.

Single Roast Rava (roasted rava) : This kind of rava is roasted lightly and most times don’t make the best upma. I prefer to roast the single roasted rava again as it does not give me the desired results like the double roasted. You can also find organic roasted rava and that’s mostly single roasted.

Unroasted Rava: As the name says it is just semolina that is not roasted and you need to do it. Most organic rava available in the market is unroasted. This is what I have used in this post.

I usually roast the whole pack of semolina when I cut open it. Cool it completely and store in a clean air tight jar. This cuts down your roasting time whenever you want to make upma. Plus this step keeps your semolina fresh for longer.

How to make Upma (Stepwise Photos)

Preparation

1. Clean 1 cup semolina (Bombay rava). Add it to a pan and roast on a low to medium heat until it turns crunchy. Keep stirring to prevent discoloring. We don’t want the rava to brown. If you are using double roasted semolina, then roasting takes only a minute. When it is crunchy set aside to cool.

2. While you roast the rava, prepare the following:

• 1 small onion (slice or fine chop)
• ½ inch ginger (½ to ¾ teaspoon fine chopped)
• 1 to 2 green chilies (chopped or sliced)
• 1 sprig curry leaves (rinse and pat dry to avoid splatters)
• If you like to add vegetables you may add ¼ cup green peas, ¼ cup fine chopped carrots and 2 French beans. Ensure they are fine chopped else they won’t cook well.

3. To temper you will need

• ½ teaspoon mustard seeds
• ½ teaspoon cumin seeds (Jeera, optional)
• 1 teaspoon urad dal (skinned black gram whole or split)
• 1½ teaspoon chana dal (bengal gram)
• 2 tablespoons peanuts (optional – raw or roasted)
• 8 to 12 whole cashews (split them, you may leave out if using peanuts)

4. Using peanuts is optional and may use if you want a crunch in your upma. On a medium heat, fry the raw peanuts in 1 teaspoon oil until deep golden and aromatic but not burnt. Later remove to a plate and set aside to garnish. Skip this step if using roasted peanuts.

Temper Spices

5. Pour 2 tablespoons oil to the hot pan. When the oil becomes hot, add the mustard seeds and cumin seeds if using. When the seeds splutter, add urad dal & chana dal.

6. Fry them until light golden for a minute, then add the cashews & fry until the cashews turn golden and the lentils turn light brown.

7. Next goes in 1 pinch hing (optional), chopped green chilies, chopped ginger & 1 sprig curry leaves. Fry for a minute until the ginger turns fragrant & the curry leaves turn crisp.

8. Then add 1 small chopped onion.

9. Saute just for 3 to 4 mins, until the onions turn transparent.
Optional: If using veggies, you can add green peas, carrots & French beans. Cover and cook on a low heat until the veggies turn slightly tender.

Make Rava Upma

10. Pour 2½ cups water and add ½ teaspoon salt. Mix it well and taste the water. The water should be slightly salty. If needed add more salt.

11. Bring the water to a rolling boil on a medium to high flame, then reduce the flame to low heat.

12. Pour the roasted rava in a very slow stream with one hand and constantly stir the water with the other hand. This incorporates the rava well to the water without turning lumpy. (check the video if you are a beginner). Make sure the water is still boiling well while you add the semolina.

13. Stir well and check for any lumps. Break up if any. Be cautious & quick at this moment, as it begins to splash.

14. You will see all of the water is absorbed. Then cover and cook.

15. After 2 to 4 mins, open and stir the rava upma.

16. Lastly add ghee at this stage. This is optional. Switch off and keep the pan covered for about 5 mins.

17. Let the upma cool down a bit. You can add fresh grated coconut if you like. It will still look clumpy while hot.

As it cools down, upma begins to look fluffy. Sprinkle lemon juice while serving. Do not squeeze the lemon when it is very hot. Garnish with fried/roasted peanuts if you want.

Serve upma with peanut podi, flaxseed podi, chutney, pickle, papad or sambar. As the rava upma cools down, it becomes fluffy and won’t be mushy.

Pro Tips

Choosing Rava: There are many kinds of rava available in the market, but the most commonly used one to make upma is Bombay rava. This is fine semolina and is also known as granulated wheat. You can also use bansi rava, which is made from a special kind of wheat. It is not as much refined as the regular suji.

To reduce the cook time of the upma, you can buy double roasted suji.

Roasting rava: Roast the rava well on a low to medium heat, stirring constantly until it becomes crunchy. You will begin to get the aroma of roasted rava when it is done. This step will make good, fluffy and non-sticky upma. Also ensure the color of the rava does not change to brown as it alters the flavor of upma.

If the rava is not roasted well, upma becomes sticky due to the starch. You can also preroast the whole pack of rava and store it in a jar for about a month.

Rava & water proportion: This recipe will yield you fluffy upma that is not porridge like or sticky. I know some people who love this like a thick porridge. If you like it that way, you can use about 4 cups of water for 1 cup rava.

Upma when made in small quantity ex- ½ cup rava usually absorbs upto 1½ cups water (1:3). When you make in large quantity, 1 cup and above use 2 ½ to 2 ¾ cups water per 1 cup of rava. This gives you non-sticky upma.

More Tips

Adding rava in a slow stream: I follow the traditional method of pouring rava in a slow stream to the boiling water. Ensure you keep stirring the water constantly in the pot with your right hand while you pour the rava with your other hand. This incorporate the rava well into the water avoiding lumps.

Quantity of oil: Do not reduce the amount of oil mentioned in the recipe. Using a good amount of oil prevents the upma from turning sticky. You may use ghee in place of oil.

Ghee: We usually top hot upma with ghee. You can add as per your preference or even skip it. 1 teaspoon per serving enhances the aroma of your upma.

Lentils: Chana dal and urad dal are the lentils used in this recipe. They impart a nutty aroma to the dish and adds some texture. Chana dal is known as bengal gram and urad dal is skinned and split black lentils.

Faqs

Common Questions

How to make instant upma mix?

To save some time you can make your own instant upma mix. This premix can be used whenever needed by just cooking it in hot water. Roasting rava is one of the steps that consumes most of the time while making rava. So if you have this premix ready, making upma will only take 6 to 7 mins.

So to make the instant upma mix, skip onions completely & fine chop curry leaves & green chilies.

First make the tempering and add unroasted rava. Roast the rava along with the tempering until it turns crunchy.

Ensure curry leaves have turned dry and completely crisp meaning there is no moisture in the premix. Cool this and store in a clean air tight container for up to 2 weeks at room temperature or in the refrigerator for 2 months.

Whenever you want to make upma, Bring water to a rolling boil and add salt. Pour this rava upma mix in a slow stream and incorporate it with the hot water. Cover the pan and cook on a lot heat.

How to make masala upma?

As such the traditional upma has no ground masala or tomatoes added to it. But there is a Tiffin center version of making it with ground spices, tomatoes & mixed veggies. It is known as Khara bath.

To make this, a bit of vangi bath or bisi bele bath masala is added to flavor up the rava upma. If you do not have both these spice powders, you can use pav bhaji masala. You may check the recipe of khara bath here.

Is Rava Upma healthy?

Though rava or semolina is made from whole wheat grain, it is a refined food. During the processing or milling, the fibre rich skin from the whole wheat is removed first.

This also removes the nutrient rich germ that is attached to the outer skin. The resulting starch rich part is ground to rawa. Eating upma regularly may not be healthy as it is made from refined food.

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Recipe Card

This upma recipe was first published in July 2016. Updated & republished in November 2022.